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As per available reports about 43 relevant Journals, 38 Conferences, 3 Workshops are presently dedicated exclusively to bioenergetics and about 335 articles are being published on bioenergetics.
Bioenergetics is concerned with the energy involved in making and breaking of chemical bonds in the molecules found in biological organisms. deals with energy flow through living systems. Bioenergetics can also be defined as the study of energy relationships and energy transformations in living organisms. Bioenergetics is the study of the balance between energy intake in the form of food and energy utilization by animals for life-sustaining processes
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Scope and Importance:
Bioenergetics Conference provides the scope for opportunities to learn progressed by international scientists and academicians. So many symposiums have been conducted and are to be organized all across the globe focusing on the significance of Bioequivalence Innovations, Therapeutic Possibilities and Technological Challenges is going to be organized which will focus on Bio equivalence.
Bioenergetics is concerned with the energy involved in making and breaking of chemical bonds in the molecules found in biological organisms. deals with energy flow through living systems. Bioenergetics can also be defined as the study of energy relationships and energy transformations in living organisms.
Bioenergetics is the study of the balance between energy intake in the form of food and energy utilization by animals for life-sustaining processes.
Energy from the sun is converted by photosynthesis into the production of glucose. Glucose is the hydrocarbon source from which plants synthesize other organic compounds such as COH, protein, lipids.
Bioenergetics includes the study of many cellular processes such as cellular respiration and metabolic processes. These processes can lead to the production and utilization of energy in form of ATP molecules.
Energy goes through many cycles and transformations, always with loss of heat. Processes involved are tissue synthesis, osmoregulation, digestion, respiration, reproduction, locomotion, etc.
ATP is produced from energy sources via oxidative phosphorylation in living organisms. It is used as a battery to store energy in cells, for intermediate metabolism. High energy electrons are passed from FADH2 or NADH to the first of a series of electron carriers,the Electron transport chain, with the concomitant generation of proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The controlled movement of protons back across the membrane through the ATP-synthesizing enzyme provides the energy required to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
Chemical energy from molecular bond rearrangement provides energy for biological processes in every organism.
Living organisms survive because of exchange of energy within and without. Living organisms obtain energy from organic and inorganic materials. Autotrophs can produce ATP using light energy. Heterotrophs consume organic compounds. The amount of energy actually obtained by the organism is lower than the amount present in the food. There are losses in digestion, metabolism, and thermogenesis.
The bonds holding the molecules of free oxygen with nutrients are relatively weak compared with the chemical bonds holding carbon dioxide and water together. The energy content of food can be estimated with a bomb calorimeter. The materials are oxidized slowly enough that the organisms do not actually produce fire. The oxidation releases energy because stronger bonds have been formed. This net energy may evolve as heat.
In a living organism, chemical bonds are broken and made as part of the exchange and transformation of energy. Energy is available for work or for other processes, when weak bonds are broken and stronger bonds are made. The production of stronger bonds allows release of usable energy.
The role of energy is fundamental to such biological processes. The ability to harness energy from a variety of metabolic pathways is a property of all living organisms.
Market Analysis:
The global market for generic drugs was worth $81 billion in 2008, $84 billion in 2009, estimated to be $168.7 billion in 2014. Sales of U.S. generic drugs currently dominate the market with $54 billion for the 2014. Japan’s generic drugs market is expected to have the highest rate of growth among major markets at 12.2%, increasing from $5.4 billion in 2009 to $9.6 billion in 2014.By 2016, it is expected that the value of the total global generics sector will have risen to $358 billion. The North American market is estimated to reach to reach nearly $107 billion in 2016 with an increase of 7.9% compound annual growth rate annual growth rate and Emerging market to reach nearly $115 billion.
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This page was last updated on April 24, 2024