Insects

As per available reports about 717 Conerence Proceedings and 4 Upcoming Conferencesare presently dedicated exclusively to Insects and about 162 National symposiums, 306 Open Access Articles are being published on Insects.

Insects are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are among the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms.The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million,and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth.Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans. Humans regard certain insects as pests, and attempt to control them using insecticides and a host of other techniques. Some insects damage crops by feeding on sap, leaves or fruits. A few parasitic species are pathogenic. Some insects perform complex ecological roles; blow-flies. lnsect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated.

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Scope and Global Impact:

Man has been attracted towards insects from very early times.. Use of insects and insect products as items of medicinal value (oil beetles, use of lac, use of red ants in suturing wounds) have found a place in certain indigenous systems of treatments. Honey is used more as medicine than as a food. Parts of insects have been used as cheap jewellery by certain tribes.As far as study of insect is concerned in agriculture it is of worth importance. Related to agriculture, insects are both useful and harmful. As a harmful role they damage our crops, lay waste vast areas of cultivated land, despoil on feed; they bring about different diseases and some of the examples are Malaria, plague, typhus, sleeping sickness etc. Now some of the useful roles played by the insectsare.Insects are the cheap producers of some valuable natural commodities e.g. silk. Honey lac, cantharidine, tannic acid, formic acid etc. Insect act as natural pollinators.Insect plays viral role in biological control of other injuries insects and weeds.Insects improves the physical condition of soil by a) burrowing b) by adding their dead bodies.They play vital role in converting dead decaying organic material into organic manure.Some insects are valuable in scientific study e.g. Drosophila; insects helps in criminal investigations especially in murder cases (Housefly maggots)

The climates of temperate and subarctic regions are becoming increasingly hospitable to plant and insect life, raising concerns about the behaviour of indigenous species and about the risk of invasion by exotic species, which could result in disruption of normal ecosystem functions. Many temperate-zone insect species have shifted their distributions in response to recent climate change. Examples are the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoeapityocampa) in Europe (Battisti et al., 2006), winter moth (Operophterabrumata) and autumnal moth (Epirritaautumnata) in Scandinavia (Jepsen et al., 2008) and southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) in North America (Tran et al., 2007). Some species that have historically been constrained in their distribution by geographical barriers such as mountain ranges or large bodies of water are likely to overcome these barriers and suddenly expand their range. For example, increased movements of warm air masses towards high latitudes have caused recent influxes of diamondback moth (Plutellaxylostella) on the Norwegian islands of Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean, 800 km north of the edge if its current distribution in the western Russian Federation (Coulson et al., 2002).The fate of specific insect species depends on their degree of specialization (host and habitat range), their mobility and the factors constraining their distribution. Specialist butterfly species are declining in abundance in the United Kingdom, while generalist species are increasing (Thomas, 2005; Franco et al., 2006). Insect species richness is increasing in the cool habitats of the planet (Andrew and Hughes, 2005). Butterfly species found throughout the United Kingdom are decreasing most rapidly in the south, while species with a southerly distribution are expanding northward (Conrad et al., 2004). Thus, the geographical range of insect species may be shifting by simultaneous expansion at the upper end and contraction at the lower end of their latitude and altitude limits (Parmesan et al., 1999).Insect species are also changing their genetic makeup in response to climate change.

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This page was last updated on April 19, 2024