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ANANBIOANAL - 2010
Pharmaceutical R & D Summit
doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000058
Pharmacogenetics / Pharmacogenomics: An Overview
Sachdev Yadav
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali, Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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nterindividual differences in response to drug: Pharmacogenetics /
Pharmacogenomics. Vogel in 1959 first proposed the term “Pharmacogenetics.
Over 50 years down the lane examples of exaggerated responses to drugs, novel
drug effects, or lack of effectiveness of drugs as a manifestation of inherited individual
traits have been observed. Genetic factors influence a drug’s action by affecting
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Unexpected, uncommon, or
“abnormal” effects of drugs may be associated with certain genetically transmitted
disorders. Under these circumstances, the modified drug response may have both
diagnostic and therapeutic implications. These interindividual differences in response
to drug are determined by combination of different factors; Physiological factors
(sex, age),Pathological factors (liver disease, renal disease), Environmental factors
(other drugs, diet, smoking),Genetic factors.How important each of these factors is,
varies from drug to drug and individual to individual. So, pharmacogenetics explores
the genetically determined alterations in the drugs usual metabolic pathways and
these alterations are associated with the accumulations and toxicity of a drug and
shifts to different pathways that have toxic intermediates. The extent to which genetic
factor determine drug responsiveness is investigated by the means of population,
family and twin studies. Goal of Pharmacogenetics;to understand how someone’s
genetic make up determines how well a medicine works in body, what side effects
are likely to occur, thus making it a field of growing interest in medicine and
pharmaceutical industry? The method of “genomics” have been increasingly applied
to pharmacogenetics research as it emphasis on molecular structure and functions
of genes. A relatively recent addition to the discipline is the field of “ecogenetics”,
which concerned with dynamic interaction between an individual genotype and
environmental agents.Benefits; Pharmacogenetics studies have a vital role to play in
every step involved in;Drug Discovery; Pathway Identification,Target Identification,
Selection, Screening, Characterization, Validations.Drug Development; Preclinical
studies, Clinical studies, Safety of the product launched in a population can be
predicted with the availability of pharmacogenetic profile of drug, Marketing aspect
of the drug.
ANALBIOANAL-2010
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