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As per available reports about 10 Relevant Journals, 32 Conferences, 30 Workshops are presently dedicated exclusively to Vaccine Drug Delivery and about 433 articles are being published on Vaccine Drug Delivery.
Vaccines are the preparations given to patients to evoke immune responses leading to the production of antibodies (humoral) or cell-mediated responses that will combat infectious agents or noninfectious conditions such as malignancies. Alarming safety profile of live vaccines, weak immunogenicity of sub-unit vaccines and immunization, failure due to poor patient compliance to booster doses which should potentiate prime doses are few strong reasons, which necessitated the development of new generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to promote effective immunization. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Drug Carriers can be widely used in Drug Delivery systems like Vaccine Drug Delivery, Oral Drug Delivery, Ocular Drug Delivery, BBB Drug Delivery Systems, and also in Nanosystems like Nanosomes, Micro emulsions, Liposomes.
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Scope and Importance:
Their rapid development arises from the ability to overcome the drawbacks of the currently employed therapeutic drugs, which exhibit poor biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties. Nanoparticle drug carriers provide alternative formulation strategies for those molecules thus enhancing the scope for commercialization. They are potential for prolonged drug release. The conference too offers growth to expand reserves of knowledge and explore newer realms.
Attempts are being made to deliver vaccines through carriers as they control the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to immune system thus leading to their sustained release and targeting. Hence, lower doses of weak immunogens can be effectively directed to stimulate immune responses and eliminate the need for the administration of prime and booster doses as a part of conventional vaccination regimen. The carrier systems such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar systems, ISCOMs, plant-derived viruses which are now being investigated and developed as Vaccine delivery systems. Various aspects of “needle-free technologies” are used to administer the vaccine delivery systems through different routes into the human body. Vaccines are the preparations given to patients to evoke immune responses leading to the production of antibodies (humoral) or cell-mediated responses that will combat infectious agents or noninfectious conditions such as malignancies. Alarming safety profile of live vaccines, weak immunogenicity of sub-unit vaccines and immunization, failure due to poor patient compliance to booster doses which should potentiate prime doses are few strong reasons, which necessitated the development of new generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to promote effective immunization. Attempts are being made to deliver vaccines through carriers as they control the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to immune system thus leading to their sustained release and targeting. Hence, lower doses of weak immunogens can be effectively directed to stimulate immune responses and eliminate the need for the administration of prime and booster doses as a part of conventional vaccination regimen.
In order to induce an effective protective immunity, these vaccines require boosting with agents called “adjuvants”. Adjuvants are believed to act by forming complexes with the agent to be delivered from which immunogens are slowly released.
Adjuvants potentiate the immunostimulatory property of the antigen while being non-immunogenic, nontoxic, and biodegradable by themselves.
Aluminium salts such as aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate; oil emulsions such as Freunds incomplete adjuvant; particulate matter such as ISCOMs; synthetic polynucleotides are other types of adjuvants.
Market Analysis:
The global biologics market totaled $200.6 billion in 2013 and is expected to grow to nearly $234 billion in 2014. The total market is expected to grow to $386.7 billion by the end of 2019 at compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.6%.
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This page was last updated on April 26, 2024