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A transgene is a gene or genetic material that have the ability to transfer naturally, or by any of a number by using a genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. The establishment of a transgene has the prospective to change the phenotype of an organism.
In its most accurate usage, the term transgene describes a segment of DNA containing a gene sequence that has been isolated from one organism and it is introduced into a different organism. This non-native segment of DNA may maintain the ability to produce RNA or protein in the transgenic organism, or it may alter the normal function of the transgenic organism's genetic code. In general, the DNA is combined with the organism's germ line. For instance, in higher vertebrates this can be accomplished by injecting the foreign DNA into the nucleus of a fertilized ovum. This technique is regularly used to introduce human disease genes or other genes of interest into strains of laboratory mice to study the function or pathology involved with that particular gene.
The structure of a transgene requires the assembly of a few main parts. The transgene must contain a promoter, which is a regulatory sequence that will determine where and when the transgene is active, an exon, a protein coding sequence, usually derived from the cDNA for the protein of interest, and a stop sequence. The way that all these parts are typically combined is in a bacterial plasmid and the coding sequences are typically chosen from previous transgenes with previously known function.
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This page was last updated on April 20, 2024