Specific Heat

Specific Heat , a measure of the heat required to raise the temperature of a given amount of a substance by one degree. It is best defined as a ratio, usually with water as the reference substance. Since it takes 0.11 times as much heat to raise the temperature of a given mass of iron by one degree as it takes to raise the temperature of an equal mass of water by one degree, iron has a specific heat of 0.11 (by definition, since it is the reference substance, water has a specific heat of 1.00). Like iron, most substances have a specific heat lower than that of water, meaning that less heat is needed to raise their temperature than is needed to raise the temperature of water by the same amount. Most liquids have a specific heat less than half that of water and, in general, the specific heat of solids is lower than that of liquids. Coral reefs, octopi, eels, offshore oil rigs, El Niño, La Niña, the birthplace of life, tasty seafood, even assorted bottom feeders. All these things come to mind when we think of the world’s ocean. Researchers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Goddard Institute for Space Studies have learned to think of the ocean as something else, something that might not occur to the rest of us. The ocean, they say, is Earth’s “biggest heat bucket.” And like a bucket placed under an overflowing sink, the ocean is filling up with the heat that increasing levels of greenhouse gases are preventing from escaping to space. By comparing computer simulations of Earth’s climate with millions of measurements of ocean heat content collected by satellites and in-the-water sensors, a team of climatologists and oceanographers has provided what leading NASA climate scientist James Hansen calls the “smoking gun” of human-caused global climate change: a prediction of Earth’s energy imbalance that closely matches real-world observations. The specific heat of water is 1 calorie/gram °C = 4.186 joule/gram °C which is higher than any other common substance. As a result, water plays a very important role in temperature regulation. The specific heat per gram for water is much higher than that for a metal, as described in the water-metal example. For most purposes, it is more meaningful to compare the molar specific heats of substances.
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This page was last updated on April 25, 2024